الشراكة الاوروجزائرية وخيارات الدبلوماسية الجزائرية بين تحدي الاستمرار، ونجاح التغيير
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الملخص
لم يكن مفهوم الشراكة Partnership في العلاقات الدولية من المفاهيم القديمة، فهو مفهوم حديث، ظهر في سبعينيات القرن الماضي، وكان له علاقة بمفهوم الاعتمادية المتبادلة، وأصبح المفهوم أكثر تداولا بعد انتهاء الحرب الباردة وولادة وضعاً دولياً جديداً، تمثل بالدعوة الى أحادية قطبية مما افرز تحديات كبيرة أمام العديد من الدول خاصة النامية منها، والتي راحت تبحث عن مكان لها في الاستقطابات الاقتصادية الدولية، في ظل نظام دولي يميل الى التكتلات الدولية وسياسة عالمية معولمة اتسمت بالانفتاح الاقتصادي بين الدول، سواء الغنية منها التي تهدف التوسع في أسواقها العالمية، أو الفقيرة الراغبة بشغف الاستفادة من هذه اللحظة التاريخية لتحقيق تنمية مستدامة. وتبرز الشراكة الاورومتوسطية التي أرسى أسسها إعلان برشلونة 1995، مثالا لهذه الشراكة، والتي أسست لعلاقات دولية بين ضفتي البحر المتوسط، على الرغم من عدم التوازن في هذه العلاقات، ومنها العلاقة الاوروجزائرية
الكلمات المفتاحية:علاقات،أوربا،الجزائر،شراكة،أسس
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Références
. For further discussion, Nassif Hatti looks forward to the future of Arab-European relations between the Middle East and the Mediterranean (working paper), The Arab Future Magazine, Beirut, No. 205, 1996, p. 96, and Jad Karim Al-Jibai, the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership and Human Rights. http://hem.bredband.net/b153948/stu8.htm
. The Euro-Mediterranean Partnership Mechanisms and Effects, A Case Study of the Euro-Algerian Partnership, a research presented on the scale of financial institutions and globalization. http://univeloued39.maktoobblog.com
. Compare with: Jad El-Karim El-Jebaei, a previously mentioned source. He presented the book “The Maghreb” and the dilemma of partnership with the European Union for Tawfik Al-Medini http://www.aqlamonline.com/archives/no12/mdini_bookreview.html
. Ibn Souna Al-Ajal, The Uruguay Partnership Agreement and its Effects on the National Economy, Master's Note, Algeria, Khamis Miliana University, Faculty of Law and Political Science, 2014, p. 26.
. Looking: Mustafa Abdullah Khushaim, Political and Security Challenges Facing the Arab Regional System in the Framework of the Barcelona Process, Arab Future Magazine, Beirut, Center for Arab Unity Studies, No. 275, 2002, p. 82. Jad Al-Karim Al-Jibai, European Mediterranean Partnership and Human Rights, a source previously He mentioned a presentation of the book of the Maghreb and a stalemate with the European Union, a previously mentioned source.
. For a detailed discussion on illegal immigration in the context of the Barcelona process, Dr. Bishara Khadr, Europe for the Mediterranean, looks from the Barcelona Conference to the Paris Summit (1995-2008), (Beirut: Center for Arab Unity Studies, 1st edition, 2010), Chapter 5.
. Ibrahim Boudjelkhah, An Analytical and Evaluation Study of the Algerian-European Cooperation Framework on the Agreement of the Light of the European-Algerian Partnership - Study and Evaluation of a Set of Total Variables, Master Note, University of Mohamed Khader-Biskra, Faculty of Economic, Commercial and Management Sciences, 2012-2013, p. 118.
. Various partnerships in Libra - Europe and the Arab world and prospects for sharing,
http://www.aljazeera.net/Portal/Templates/Postings/PocketPcDetailedPage.as p
. Citing the same source.
. Nadia Blurghi, Implications of the Eurozone Crisis on the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, Case Study of Algeria, Master's Note, University of Mohamed Khader-Biskra-, Faculty of Economic, Commercial and Management Sciences, 2013-2014, pp. 186-188.
. Lotfi Meziane, Energetic Security of the European Union and its Implications for the Uruguayan Partnership, MAG Master Note, Hajj Lakhdar University - Litna - College of Law and Political Science, 2011-2021, p. 129.
. Compare with Nadia Blorghi, The implications of the eurozone crisis for the Euro-Mediterranean partnership, previously mentioned source, p. 186.
. For further discussion and comparison: Bin Souna Al-Ajal, the Uruguayan Partnership Agreement and its effects on the national economy, is a previously mentioned source, pp. 20-21, and Ibrahim Bujelkhah, an analytical and evaluation study of the Algerian-European cooperation framework, a previously mentioned source, pp. 164-165. Naseer Al-Arabawi, The Future of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, Journal of Social Sciences, Algeria, Farhat Abbas University / Setif / College of Arts and Social Sciences, Issue 17 - September 2013
. Compare with Saad Hakki Tawfiq, Arab International Relations at the Beginning of the Twenty-first Century, (Amman: Wael House for Publishing and Distribution, 1st edition, 2003), p. 182.
th]. For more information, see: Ibn Soona Al-Ajal, a previously cited source, pp. 27-29, Nadia Blurghi, a previously cited source, p. 183. Ibrahim Bujulkhah, a source previously mentioned, p. 158.
. For a look at the origins of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, see Ibrahim Bujelkhah, previous source, p. 112.
. The Uruguay Partnership Agreement was ratified by the Algerian government by Presidential Decree No. 05-159 on April 27, 2005. Further on the history of the European-Algerian negotiations, Nadia Bellorji, previously mentioned source, pp. 189-190.
. For a detailed discussion on the partnership in its economic aspect, see: Zabat Abdel Hamid, the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership and its impact on the Algerian economy, North African Economics Journal, Algeria, University of Chleif, first issue, p. 55. Abdullah Qalash, the impact of the Uruguayan partnership on the competitiveness of the Algerian economy, the Islamic Finance Forum,
http://islamfin.go-forum.net/t1502-topic
. Bin Souna Al-Ajal, a previously mentioned source, p. 188.
. The same source, p. 34.
. Lotfi Meziani, The Energetic Security of the European Union and its Implications for the European-Algerian Partnership, a previously mentioned source, p. 130.
. For the elaboration, Nadia Blurghi looks at the repercussions of the euro zone crisis, a previously mentioned source, p. 191, and Fatima Aziza, the Uruguayan partnership between the requirements of economic openness and independent development, Researcher Journal, No. 9, 2011, pp. 152-153.
. Bin Souna Al-Ajal, The Agreement of the Uruguayan Partnership, previously mentioned source, p. 51
. Algeria will start with the European Union the process of assessing the partnership.
http://www.elikhbaria.com/ar/news/10621.html
Abdullah Qalash, the impact of the Uruguayan partnership on the competitiveness of the Algerian economy, the Islamic Finance Forum,
http://islamfin.go-forum.net/t1502-topic
. Algeria's share of the MEDA1-2 program was 437 million euros, compared to 783 million for Morocco and 568 for Tunisia [26]. On the financial side, the European Union remains the first donor of funds. Algeria previously benefited from 700 million euros of aid, and subsequent aid is estimated during the period 2014-2017, after reprogramming an amount not to exceed 148 million euros, while Morocco receives 890 million euros, and Tunisia 246 Million Euros, See: Ibrahim Bujelkhah, An Analytical and Evaluation Study of the Algerian-European Cooperation Framework, a previously mentioned source, p. 183, Qalash Abdullah, The Impact of the European-Algerian Partnership on the Competitiveness of the Algerian Economy, Islamic Finance Forum, http://islamfin.go-forum.net/t1502 -topic
. Ibrahim Bujelkhah, previous source, p. 187.
. Lotfi Meziani, European Energy Security, previously mentioned source, p. 149.
. Algerian gas represents 50-60% of the needs of Spain and Italy, with two major gas projects, Medgaz with Spain, and Galsi with Italy, in addition to the African-European project - Nigeria - Niger - Algeria - Europe with a capacity of 25 billion cubic meters annually. See the same previous source, p. 150.
. The Sub-Committee for the Algerian-European Dialogue, the first meeting was held next September in Algeria.
http://www.alg360.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%/
. The same source.
. Algeria will start with the European Union the process of assessing the partnership.
http://www.elikhbaria.com/ar/news/10621.html
. The focus of Mrs. Mogherini's visit to Algeria: evaluation of the partnership and cooperation agreement with the European Union, Al-Mujahid newspaper, 9/17/2015.
. Lamamra calls on the European Union not to interfere in Algeria's affairs, Al-Jazair newspaper, 5 June 2015.
. Compare with Fawaz Ibrahim, the reality and prospects of the Euro-Mediterranean partnership, African Journal of Political Science,
. Saad Hakki Tawfiq, Arab International Relations at the Beginning of the Twenty-first Century, (Amman: Wael Publishing and Distribution, 1st edition, 2003), p. 182.
. In this crisis, most of the euro countries were exposed to budget deficits, high government sovereign debt, economic stagnation, and financial policies imbalances in many countries.
economics, No. 6 (571), Vol. 21, Bucharest academy of economic studies, 2012. P 93.
. Lamamra confirms that relations with Europe go beyond the dispute over car exports
. Follow-up to the researcher, for example: APS, June 5, 2015.
. For a plot pleading to develop a balanced relationship with the European Union, Al-Balad newspaper,
http://www.elbilad.net/article/detail?id=45023
. A plot confirms that relations with Europe are a previously mentioned source.