النمـط الانتخـابي اللبناني بين رهان الديموقراطية وحصار الطائفية

- See his book: “Historical Materialism,” House of Progress, Moscow.

- Al-Khatib, Anwar, The Constitutional Group, Section Two: The State and Political Systems, Lebanon’s Constitution - 2, New Qadmus Press, I 1, Beirut, 1970, p. 2.

- The mass movements in the Arab world (theoretical and applied studies), a group of professors, studies of Arab thought, the Arab Development Institute, Beirut, 1991, p. 46.

- Majzoub, d. Mohamed, Democratic Representation and the Electoral System in Lebanon, Parliamentary Life Journal, No. 37, Beirut, 2003, p. 31.

- Shaheen, d. Fouad: Sectarianism in Lebanon, its present and its historical and social roots, 2nd floor, Dar Al-Hadatha, Beirut, 1986, p. 43.

- Ibid., P. 43.

- Takieddine, Suleiman: The Sectarian Issue in Lebanon, Roots and Historical Development, Dar Ibn Khaldoun, Beirut, p. 7.

- Ibid, p. 23.

- The book was published in five parts, two parts by Dar Al-Nahar in 1970, and the remaining three by Dar Al-Suqeim in 1976.

- Takieddine, Suleiman: The Sectarian Question, previous reference, pp. 28-29.

- Daher, D. Masoud: Lebanon's Social History, Dar Al-Farabi, Beirut, 1974 (from the previous reference, p. 40).

- Bacchus, August (Chairman of the Parliamentary Modernization Committee in Lebanon): From an article entitled "In order to improve legislation and clarity in the texts", published in the Journal of Parliamentary Life, Volume 47, Beirut, June 2003, p. 19.

- David, D. Ahmad: Syria’s Ancient Civilizational History: 1- The Center, Dar Al-Mostakbal, Damascus, 1994, p. 759.

- Al-Khatib, Anwar: The State and Political Systems, op. Cit., P. Y, i.

- Al-Khatib, Anwar: Ibid., Pj, k, l.

- Lebanese historian and researcher, and Secretary General of the Lebanese Society for Ottoman Studies.

- Ismail, d. Munir: The Great Board of Directors during the Al-Mutasarifiya era, the first electoral and administrative experience in modern Arab history, Parliamentary Life Magazine, forty-seventh volume, Beirut, June 2003, p. 74.

- Ismail, d. Munir, ibid., P. 75.

- Takieddine, Suleiman: The Sectarian Question, previous reference, p. 396.

- Daher, D. Masoud: Lebanon's Social History, Dar Al-Farabi, Beirut, 1974, p. 59.

- Al-Khatib, Anwar: The State and Political Systems, previous reference, pp. 71, 72, 73.

- Al-Khatib, Anwar, ibid., P. 97.

- Al-Khatib, Anwar, ibid., P. 281.

- Article 27 of the Lebanese Constitution.

- See the Lebanese electoral law established for the year 1960, which has been implemented since then to an exceptional time.

- Article 21 of the Lebanese Constitution, and Article IX of the Election Law.

- Article 65 of the Lebanese Penal Code.

- See Articles 30, 39 and 40 of the Lebanese Constitution (for details).

- Article 39 of the Lebanese Constitution.

- Article 2 of this law (1960).

- Article 3 of this law.

- Article 4 of this law.

- Article 6 of this law.

- Article 104 of the 1960 Law.

- Article 63 of the 2008 Law.

- Article 68 of the 2008 Law.

- See the National Accord Document, Taif Agreement, p. 1.

- National Accord Document, Political Reforms, p. 4.

- The same source, p. 5.

- National Accord Document, p. 1.

- The same source, p. 2.

- Bacchus, August: In order to improve legislation and clarity in texts, Parliamentary Life, Volume 47, Beirut, June 2003, p. 21.

- ibid., Pp. 20-21.

- Al-Majzoub, Muhammad: Democratic Representation and the Electoral System in Lebanon, Journal of Parliamentary Life, Volume 74, Beirut, June 2003, p. 30.

- Al-Khatib, Anwar: The State and Political Systems, p. 496.

- ibid., P. 512.

- Al-Majzoub, Muhammad: Democratic Representation and the Electoral System in Lebanon, p. 33.

- Al-Khatib, Anwar: The State and Constitutional Systems, pp. 486-487.

- Ghandour, D. Daher: The Electoral System and Electoral Management, Parliamentary Life Journal, Volume 37, Beirut, June 2003, p. 41.

- Al-Majzoub, Muhammad: Democratic Representation and the Electoral System in Lebanon, Parliamentary Life Magazine, No. 37, Beirut, June 2003, p. 31.

- ibid., P. 31.

- Ghandour, D. Daher: The Electoral System and the Election Management, Parliamentary Life Magazine, Volume 37, Beirut, June 2003, p. 38.

- Ibid., P. 38.

- Al-Majzoub, Muhammad: Democratic Representation, p. 33.