Humanitarian intervention to protect minorities between public international law and the theory of saving in Islam
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Abstract
The colonial states used the method of protecting their minorities as an excuse to extend their colonial control over many countries and colonies, such as the intervention of the colonial European countries in the affairs of the Ottoman state and its states, and thus the power policy and international relations were always in the state of innovation of new concepts and terms that added to their dictionary, So that the right to intervene instead of the principle of non-interference became a clear manifestation in the years following the turn of the Cold War page, as the invasion of Panama in 1989 was the prelude to a new pattern in international politics in addition to what happened in northern Iraq after the 1991 war, and also what happened in Somalia and What happened in The Balkans - Bosnia and Herzegovina - in 1995 AD, in Kosovo in 1999 CE, and Macedonia in 2001 AD [1], and the bond in all of this was a principle for peace that was announced by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Mr. Boutros Ghali in 1992 CE, as he was the rule The basic principle of humanitarian intervention, which expanded the powers of the United Nations in this field by inviting Member States and major countries in particular to play an important and significant role in order to materialize this principle, such as allocating military units ready to intervene under the United Nations flag.
Key words: protection, humanitarian intervention, UN, Security Council, invasion.
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________________________________________
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) Against it: It seems that this word is not appropriate because it does not make sense for a country to ask to intervene against it, especially if we know what can be accomplished from this intervention, but the idea may be accepted when reformulating the phrase as follows: "Or if the state requests it The one who interferes in it is considered humanitarian relief or humanitarian aid, and this assistance does not need to use force because it is at the request of the country in which he is interfering and not against it.
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) Text of Article Two of the Charter of the United Nations: The Commission and its members work in pursuit of the purposes mentioned in Article 1 in accordance with the following principles:
a. The Commission is based on the principle of sovereign equality of all its members.
B. In order for the members of the commission to guarantee to all of them the rights and benefits of membership status, they will, in good faith, fulfill the obligations they have assumed for themselves in this Charter.
C. All members of the commission settle their international disputes by peaceful means in a manner that does not endanger international peace, security and justice.
Dr.. In their international relations, all members of the commission refrain from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any country or in any other manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations.
E. All members shall provide all assistance in their capacity to the United Nations in any action taken in accordance with this Charter, and shall refrain from assisting any country against which the United Nations takes action of prevention or repression.
And. The Commission shall endeavor to ensure that non-member states follow these principles to the extent necessary for the maintenance of international peace and security.
Y. Nothing in this Charter shall permit the United Nations to interfere in matters that are at the heart of the internal authority of a State, and there is nothing in it that requires members to present such matters to be resolved by virtue of this Charter, provided that this principle does not prejudice the application of the repressive measures contained in Chapter Seven / See: Salih Muhammad Badr al-Din. The United Nations and regional organizations. Part 2: (Helwan: Dar Al-Nasr for Distribution and Publishing, Year: 1999AD), p. 43.
) This trend is represented by Jurist Brownley, Jurist Thomas, Dr. Muhammad Sami Abdul Hamid, and Dr. Boutros Ghali / See: Muhammad Jabr Ahmed. International Center for Minorities in Public International Law with Comparison to Islamic Sharia. Ibid., P. 424 and beyond.
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) The General Assembly of the United Nations has taken, based on the report of the Sixth Committee (A / 62/353 / A), and what this resolution aimed at was to increase the effectiveness of the principle of the non-use of force in international relations, as it came to emphasize the urgent need to apply this principle ( The principle of not using force in international relations) is a general and effective application and to the assistance of the United Nations in this endeavor, and this was at the 81st session on December 04, 1980, / see: Editorial Board. "The decisions of the United Nations." Egyptian Journal of International Law, Issue: 36, (year: 1980), p .: 282.
) Salih Muhammad Badr al-Din. United Nations and regional organizations. Part 2: Previous reference, p .: 127, and also: Abdul Aziz Sarhan. European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the supplementary rules thereof, in accordance with the general principles of international law. Previous reference, p. 13.
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) The fact of what happened in 1827 and 1860 is that some Ottoman citizens of the Christians rebelled against the authority of their state by lifting arms against it and at the behest of some European colonial states with the aim of seceding from them, so the reaction of the Ottoman state was to try to put down this sedition as any other country does In such circumstances, which is the use of force to suppress the rebellion and restore internal security / see: Muhammad Sami Abdul Hamid. The Origins of Public International Law [Part 1: The International Community]. Previous reference, p. 215 and beyond, and also: Izz al-Din Fouda. Human rights in history and its international guarantees. Previous reference, p. 34.
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muhamad jbr 'ahmad.almarkaz alduwaliu lil'aqliaat fi alqanun alduwalii aleami mae almuqaranat bialshriet al'iislamiati. marjie sabiq, sa:303 w ma baeduha. [33]) almajdhub mahmd. altanzim aldwly[alnzuriat w almunazamat alealamiat w al'iiqlimiat almutakhasisata]. t7, (byrut: manshurat alhalbi alhuquqiati, sant:2002m), sa:194. [34])mihamd sami eabd alhmyd. 'usul alqanun alduwaliu aleamu (j1). marjie sabiq, sa:111, w 'ayda: eabd aleaziz muhamad sarhan. alaitifaqiat al'awrabiat lihimayat huquq al'iinsan w alhuriyat al'asasiat w alqawaeid almukamalat laha tibqaan limabadi aleamat lilqanun alduwalii .marajie sabiq, s:12. [35](Robert kagan . of paradise and power (America and Europe in the new world order).random house , INC, new York , 2004; p:20 . w 'aydaan : butrus ghali .al'aqaliyat w huquq al'iinsan fi alfaqih alduwli. marjie sabiq , s:11 . [36]) salih muhamad badr aldyn.al'umam almutahidat w almunazamat al'iiqlimiat. j2. marjie sabiq, sa:74, w 'ayda: eabd aleaziz sarahan.alaitifaqiat al'awrabiat lihimayat huquq al'iinsan w alhuriyat al'asasiat w alqawaeid almukamalat laha tibqaan lilmabadi aleamat lilqanun alduwli. marjie sabiq, s:15. [37]) aldaejat, hasan eabd allh. aineikasat aleawlamat ealaa alsiyadati. marjie sabiq, s:89. [38]) faridman wlfghangh. tatawur alqanun alduwli. tarjamat :ljinat min al'asatidhati, (byrwt: dar alafaq aljadidata, 1969m), s:44 w ma bedha . [39]) Robert kagan . of paradise and power (America and Europe in the new world order). p:0910. w 'ayda: aldaejatu, hasan eabd allh. aineikasat aleawlamat ealaa alsiyada . marjie sabiq, s:93. [40]) eisam aldiyn hawas. << alhukm aldhdhatiu w huquq alsiyadat w taqrir almasir fi daw' qawaeid alqanun alduwalii mae muealajat tatbiqiat lihalat aldifat algharbiat w qitae ghaza >>. almajalat almisriat lilqanun aldawali, aleadd: 36, (snt:1980m),s:5 w ma baedaha. [41]) nifin eabd almuneim masead. qadaya alaqlyat fi zili alliybiraliat aljadidati. masdar sabiq, sa:18 w ma baeduha. [42]) eayishat ratib. altanzim aldiblumasia w alqunsil. (alqahirat dar alnahdat alearabit,1963m), sa:17. [43]) busltan muhmd. mabadi alqanun alduwalii aleam(j1); sa:308. [44]) nas almadat alththaminat fi faqratiha alrabet(8/4), min 'iielan al'umam almutahidat lihimayat huquq al'aqalyat. [45]) busultan muhamad . mabadi alqanun alduwalii aleam(j1); sa:308. [46]) abn munzur. lisan alearab almuhit . taqdim : eabd allh alealaa yali, 'iiedad w tasnif: yusif khiat ,j3, (byruta: dar lisan alearab), s:701. [48]) alnawwy.almajmue sharah almuhdhb. tahqiq: muhamad husayn aleaqaby, j18;(alqahrt: matbaeat al'iimam), sa:151). [49]) surat alnisa',ayat:97. [50]) 'akhrajah albikhariu fi almanaqib biraqm:3343 w 'akhrajah 'abu dawud fi aljhad biraqm:2278 w 'akhrajah 'ahmad fi 'awal musanad albisriiyn biraqm:20148 w biraqm:20121 w fi musanad alqabayil birqm:25959. [51]) surat alnisa',ayat:97. [52]) alesqlany, bin hujr. al'iisabat fi tamyiz alsahaba.tahqiq w dabt w fahrsat : muhamad eali albajawi,almajalid alrrabie ,t1, ( bayrut : dar aljil,1412h /1992m ),sa:52. w 'ayda: alkindhlwi. hayat alshabt.j1, sa:285 w ma baeduha. [53]) 'ahmad 'abu alwafa. kt
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Muhammad Jabr Ahmed. International Center for Minorities in Public International Law with Comparison to Islamic Law. Ibid., Pp. 303 ff.
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) Muhammad Sami Abdul Hamid. The Origins of Public International Law (Part 1). Previous reference, p. 111, and also: Abdul Aziz Muhammad Sarhan. European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the supplementary rules thereof, in accordance with the general principles of international law. Previous reference, p. 12.
(Robert kagan. Of paradise and power (America and Europe in the new world order) .random house, INC, new york, 2004; p: 20.
Also: Boutros-Ghali, Minorities and Human Rights in International Jurisprudence. Previous reference, p .: 11.
) Salih Muhammad Badr al-Din, United Nations and regional organizations. C 2. Previous reference, p .: 74, and also: Abdul Aziz Sarhan. The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the complementary rules thereof, in accordance with the general principles of international law. Previous reference, p. 15.
) Al-Da'jah, Hassan Abdullah. Implications of globalization for sovereignty. Ibid., P .: 89.
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Also: Al-Da'jah, Hassan Abdullah. Implications of globalization for sovereignty. Ibid., P. 93.
) Essam El-Din Hawas. "Autonomy, sovereignty rights and self-determination in the light of the rules of international law with an applied treatment of the situation in the West Bank and Gaza Strip." Egyptian Journal of International Law, Issue: 36, (year: 1980), pp. 5 and beyond.
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) Aisha Ratib. Diplomatic organization and consul. (Cairo, the Arab Renaissance House, 1963 AD), p. 17.
(43)) Sultan Sultan. Principles of Public International Law (Part 1): p. 308.
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) Surah An-Nisa, verse 97.
) Al-Bukhari included it in Al-Manaqib No. 3343, and Abu Dawood included it in al-Jihad No. 2278, and Ahmad included it in the first Musnad al-Basreen number: 20148 and number: 20121 and in the Musnad of the tribes with number 25959.
) Surat Al-Nisaa, verse 97.
) Al-Asqalani, Bin Hajar. Injury in distinguishing companions. Investigation, control and indexing: Muhammad Ali Al-Bejawi, Fourth Volume, 1st Edition, (Beirut: Dar Al-Jeel, 1412 AH / 1992 AD), p. 52. Also: Al-Kandahlawi. The Life of the Companions. C 1, pp. 285 and beyond.
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) Surat Al-Nahl, verse: 126.
) Surat Al-Baqara, verse 194.
) Essam Nour. Contemporary racial conflicts. (Alexandria: University Youth Foundation, 1424 AH / 2004 AD), p. 88.
) Follower Muhammad. Diplomacy in Islam. National Studies Magazine (Issue: 08), Cairo: Al-Ahram Commercial Press, Below the year of publication, p. 86.
) Surat al-Tawbah, verse: 60.
) Surat Al-Hujurat, verse 10.
) Surah Al-Imran, verse 103.
) Surah An-Nisa, verse 75.
(62)) Al-Bukhari included it in literature with number: 5552, and Muslim included it in righteousness, relevance and morals with number: 4685 and number: 4686 and number: 4687 and Ahmed included it in the first predicate of the Kufi with number: 17632 and number: 17648 and number: 17667 And number: 17690, number: 17706, number: 17720, and number: 18542.
) Al-Bukhari included it in Grievances and Anger with number: 2262, and Muslim brought it in righteousness, connection and morals with number: 4677, and Al-Tirmidhi brought it to the border with number: 1346, and Abu Dawood included it in literature with number: 4248, and Ahmed included it in the predicate of the infidels. From the Companions number: 5103 and number: 5388.
) Al-Bukhari included it in prayer with number: 459, and Muslim brought it in righteousness, connection and morals with number: 4684 and number: 4761, and Al-Tirmidhi brought it out in righteousness and connection with number: 1851 and women in Zakat included it number: 2509 and number: 2513 It was included by Abu Dawood in literature with the number: 4466, and by Ahmad in the first Musnad of the Kufic with the number: 18762, with the number: 18798, with the number: 18829 and with the number: 18874.
) Conditions for Salvation in Islamic Jurisprudence: 1- That the fight be for God’s sake 2- The presence of some vulnerable Muslims in the hands of non-Muslims 3- The occurrence of injustice on these vulnerable people 4- The Islamic State’s lack of association with an international treaty 5- Ensuring that the rescue is possible 6- Call and negotiate before intervention The Armed Forces / and for more, see: Ahmad Abu Al-Wafa. Media in accordance with the rules of international law in Islamic law. A5; previous reference, p. 133 and later.
) Ibn Salam. Money. (Cairo: Al-Azhar Colleges Library, 1968 AD), p. 184.
) Oval. The ultimate goal in studying the fatwa. Investigation: Ali Mohieldin Daghi, part 2, (Cairo: Dar Al-Nasr for Islamic Printing, 1982), p. 945.
) Youssef Al-Qaradawi. The Islamic solution is an obligation and necessity. Previous reference, p. 80.
) Ahmed Abu Al-Wafa. Book on Media, the rules of international law and international relations in Islamic law, part 5; previous reference, p .: 149.
) Ibn Taymiyyah. Total Fatwas c. 28; p .: 617 and beyond.
) Al-Janzuri Abdul-Azim. Principles of Islamic International Relations and Contemporary International Relations. Book 1 (Principles of International Islamic Law and Public International Law), 1st edition, (Library of Modern Instruments: Assiut, Egypt), p .: 376
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